Quantification of blood loss for the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the effectiveness of different diagnostic methods to estimate postpartum blood volume loss. METHODS: a systematic review of effectiveness according to PRISMA and JBI Protocol. Searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL, with descriptor "Postpartum Hemorrhage" associated with keyword "Quantification of Blood Loss". Tabulated extracted data, presented in metasynthesis and meta-analysis was applied to quantitative data. To assess risk of bias, JBI Appraisal Tools were applied. RESULTS: fourteen studies were included, published between 2006 and 2021. Quantification of loss by any method was superior to visual estimation and is highly recommended, however the studies' high heterogeneity did not allow estimating this association. CONCLUSION: the studies' high heterogeneity, with a probable margin of error given the uncontrolled factors, indicates the need for further studies, however quantification proved to be effective in relation to visual estimate. PROSPERO registration CRD 42021234486.

Breastfeeding prevalence in newborns of mothers with COVID-19: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: to compare exclusive breastfeeding prevalence versus artificial feeding in newborns of mothers with COVID-19. METHODS: a systematic review of prevalence, according to JBI. Searches in PubMed®, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS and Web of Science™ databases in August 2021. Cross-sectional, longitudinal or cohort studies were selected, without language and time limitations that showed breastfeeding prevalence or that allowed calculation. RESULTS: fifteen articles published in 2020 and 2021, cohort (60%) or cross-sectional (40%) were analyzed. The average of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers with COVID-19 was 56.76% (CI=39.90-72.88), and artificial breastfeeding, 43.23% (CI = 30.99 - 55.88), without statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: despite the recommendations for maintaining breastfeeding, there was a reduction worldwide, when compared to periods prior to the pandemic. With advances in science, these rates have improved, showing the impact of evidence on practices. As limitations, study sources are cited. It is recommended to carry out new studies. PROSPERO registration CRD42021234486.

Exploring the functionalization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with the novel antimicrobial peptide JIChis-2 via plasma polymerization.

This study aimed to characterize the immobilization of the novel JIChis-2 peptide on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, widely used in the biomedical sector. The antimicrobial activity of JIChis-2 was evaluated in the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Its immobilization occurred by inducing the formation of covalent bonds between the N-terminus of the peptides and the surface previously submitted to acrylic acid polymerization via the PECVD technique. Coated and uncoated surfaces were characterized by FTIR, AFM, SEM and EDX. Studies of global and localized corrosion were carried out, seeking to explore the effects triggered by surface treatment in an aggressive environment. Additionally, the ability of the functionalized material to prevent E. coli biofilm formation evidenced that the strategy to immobilize JIChis-2 in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy via PECVD of acrylic acid resulted in the development of a functional material with antibiofilm properties.

Breastfeeding prevalence in newborns of mothers with COVID-19: a systematic review / Prevalencia de lactancia materna en recién nacidos de madres con COVID-19: una revisión sistemática / Prevalência de aleitamento materno em recém-nascidos de mães com COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objectives: to compare exclusive breastfeeding prevalence versus artificial feeding in newborns of mothers with COVID-19. Methods: a systematic review of prevalence, according to JBI. Searches in PubMed®, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS and Web of Science™ databases in August 2021. Cross-sectional, longitudinal or cohort studies were selected, without language and time limitations that showed breastfeeding prevalence or that allowed calculation. Results: fifteen articles published in 2020 and 2021, cohort (60%) or cross-sectional (40%) were analyzed. The average of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers with COVID-19 was 56.76% (CI=39.90-72.88), and artificial breastfeeding, 43.23% (CI = 30.99 - 55.88), without statistically significant differences. Conclusions: despite the recommendations for maintaining breastfeeding, there was a reduction worldwide, when compared to periods prior to the pandemic. With advances in science, these rates have improved, showing the impact of evidence on practices. As limitations, study sources are cited. It is recommended to carry out new studies. PROSPERO registration CRD42021234486.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comparar la prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva versus alimentación artificial en recién nacidos de madres con COVID-19. Métodos: revisión sistemática de prevalencia, según JBI. Búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed®, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS y Web of Science™ en agosto de 2021. Se seleccionaron estudios transversales, longitudinales o de cohortes, sin limitaciones de idioma y tiempo que mostraran prevalencia de lactancia materna o que permitieran calcular. Resultados: se analizaron 15 artículos publicados en 2020 y 2021, de cohorte (60%) o transversal (40%). El promedio de lactancia materna exclusiva en madres con COVID-19 fue 56,76% (IC=39,90-72,88), y lactancia artificial, 43,23% (IC = 30,99 - 55,88), sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: a pesar de las recomendaciones de mantener la lactancia materna, hubo una reducción a nivel mundial, en comparación con períodos previos a la pandemia. Con los avances de la ciencia, estas tasas han mejorado, mostrando el impacto de la evidencia en las prácticas. Como limitaciones se citan las fuentes del estudio. Se recomienda realizar nuevos estudios. Registro PROSPERO CRD42021234486.

RESUMO Objetivos: comparar as prevalências de aleitamento materno exclusivo versus aleitamento artificial em recém-nascidos de mães com COVID-19. Métodos: revisão sistemática de prevalência, segundo JBI. Buscas nas bases PubMed®, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS e Web of Science™ em agosto de 2021. Selecionados estudos transversais, longitudinais ou coortes, sem limitação de idioma e tempo que apresentavam prevalência de aleitamento materno ou que permitissem o cálculo. Resultados: 15 artigos publicados em 2020 e 2021, coortes (60%) ou transversais (40%) foram analisados. A média de aleitamento materno exclusivo em mães com COVID-19 foi 56,76% (IC=39,90-72,88), e artificial, de 43,23% (IC = 30,99 - 55,88), sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Conclusões: apesar das recomendações para a manutenção do aleitamento materno, houve redução mundialmente, quando comparados à períodos anteriores à pandemia. Com avanços da ciência, esses índices têm melhorado, mostrando o impacto das evidências nas práticas. Como limitações, citam-se fontes dos estudos. Recomenda-se realização de novos estudos. Registro PROSPERO CRD42021234486.

Quantification of blood loss for the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Cuantificación de la pérdida de sangre para el diagnóstico de hemorragia posparto: revisión sistemática y metanálisis / Quantificação da perda sanguínea para o diagnóstico de hemorragia pós-parto: revisão sistemática e metanálise

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the effectiveness of different diagnostic methods to estimate postpartum blood volume loss. Methods: a systematic review of effectiveness according to PRISMA and JBI Protocol. Searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL, with descriptor "Postpartum Hemorrhage" associated with keyword "Quantification of Blood Loss". Tabulated extracted data, presented in metasynthesis and meta-analysis was applied to quantitative data. To assess risk of bias, JBI Appraisal Tools were applied. Results: fourteen studies were included, published between 2006 and 2021. Quantification of loss by any method was superior to visual estimation and is highly recommended, however the studies' high heterogeneity did not allow estimating this association. Conclusion: the studies' high heterogeneity, with a probable margin of error given the uncontrolled factors, indicates the need for further studies, however quantification proved to be effective in relation to visual estimate. PROSPERO registration CRD 42021234486.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar la efectividad de diferentes métodos diagnósticos para estimar la pérdida de volumen sanguíneo posparto. Métodos: revisión sistemática de efectividad según PRISMA y Protocolo JBI. Búsquedas en bases de datos: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science y CINAHL, con el descriptor "Postpartum Hemorrhage" asociado a la palabra clave "Quantification of Blood Loss". Los datos extraídos tabulados fueron presentados en metasíntesis y metanálisis se aplicaron a los datos cuantitativos. Para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo, se aplicaron las herramientas de evaluación de JBI. Resultados: se incluyeron 14 estudios, publicados entre 2006 y 2021. La cuantificación de pérdida por cualquier método fue superior a la estimación visual y es muy recomendable, sin embargo, la alta heterogeneidad de los estudios no permitió estimar esta asociación. Conclusión: la alta heterogeneidad de los estudios, con probable margen de error dado el descontrol de los factores, indica la necesidad de más estudios, sin embargo la cuantificación demostró ser efectiva en relación a la estimación visual. Registro PRÓSPERO CRD 42021234486.

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar a efetividade de diferentes métodos diagnósticos para estimar a perda volêmica sanguínea pós-parto. Métodos: revisão sistemática de efetividade, de acordo com protocolo PRISMA e JBI. Buscas nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science e CINAHL, com o descritor "Postpartum Hemorrhage" associado à palavra-chave "Quantification of Blood Loss". Dados extraídos tabulados, apresentados em metassíntese, e aplicou-se metanálise para dados quantitativos. Para avaliar o risco de viés, aplicou-se o JBI Appraisal Tools. Resultados: incluídos 14 estudos, publicados entre 2006 e 2021. A quantificação da perda por qualquer método apresentou superioridade em relação à estimativa visual, sendo altamente recomendada, porém a alta heterogeneidade dos estudos não permitiu estimar essa associação. Conclusão: a alta heterogeneidade dos estudos, com provável margem de erro dado aos fatores não controlados, indica a necessidade de realização de novos estudos, contudo a quantificação se mostrou efetiva em relação à estimativa visual. Registro PROSPERO CRD 42021234486.

Epidemiologia de exames e mortalidade presuntivos à infecção pelo papiloma vírus humano / Epidemiology of presumptive exams and mortality in human papilloma virus infection

A infecção pelo papiloma vírus humano (HPV) é responsável pelo aumento de morbidade e mortalidade associada ao desenvolvimento de neoplasias malignas, principalmente de colo do útero, reportando assim uma preocupação eminente em saúde pública. O diagnóstico presuntivo do câncer do aparelho reprodutor feminino é essencial para o direcionamento a testes confirmatórios, bem como ao tratamento e cura das pacientes. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a frequência de exames presuntivos de alterações do aparelho reprodutor feminino, incluindo por HPV, bem como correlacionar com número de óbitos nos municípios de Goiás e na cidade de Mineiros-GO. Foi realizada uma avaliação retrospectiva em um período de seis anos (2009 a 2014) tendo como base os dados do Ministério da Saúde. Foram considerados para este estudo os dados de exames citopatológico cérvico- vaginal e microflora, teste anatomopatológico do colo do útero e a CID-10 (C51 a C58). Foi consultado um total de 245 municípios, e foi evidenciada uma diminuição do número de exames preventivos com o passar dos anos avaliados, bem como uma correlação positiva dos exames citopatológicos e anatomopatológicos, e correlações negativas entre os exa- mes preventivos e o número de óbitos, assim como o número de citopatológicos e o período de avaliação no município de Mineiros-GO. Contudo, os exames preventivos ao câncer de colo uterino, bem como ações voltadas à educação em saúde da mulher, podem colaborar na maximização ao combate da mortalidade feminina.

The Driving of Immune Response by Th1 Adjuvants in Immunization of Mice with Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei Elicits a Controversial Infection Control.

In previous studies, we have demonstrated that inoculation with a Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei (avirulent RM1 strain) was able to reduce parasitemia in mice challenged with T. cruzi, although it was not able to prevent histopathological lesions. Th1 response stimulation by immunization is necessary for T. cruzi infection control, but the resistance is also dependent on immunoregulatory mechanisms, which can be induced by adjuvants. Thus, we evaluated whether inoculation of T. cruzi marinkellei associated with administration of different adjuvants would be capable of inducing different patterns of immune response to maximize the immune response against T. cruzi (virulent Romildo strain) infection. Two hundred eighty nonisogenic mice were divided into 14 groups according to the immunization scheme and the subsequent challenge with virulent Romildo T. cruzi strain. Nonimmunized groups and animals inoculated without adjuvants were also included. Immune protection was not observed with Th2 adjuvants (incomplete Freund's adjuvant [IFA] and Alum) due to high parasitemia. Th1/Th2-polarizing adjuvants also did not induce immune protection because inulin was unable to maintain survival, and immune-stimulating complexes induced intense inflammatory processes. Animals sensitized with RM1 strain without adjuvants were able to reduce parasitemia, increase survival, and protect against severe histological lesions, followed by adequate cytokine stimulation. Finally, our results demonstrate that the early and balanced IFN-γ production becomes critical to promote protection and that Th1 adjuvant elicited a controversial infection control due to increased histopathological damage. Therefore, the host's immunomodulation remains one of the most important challenges in the research for effective protection against T. cruzi infection. Similarly, the identification of protective antigens in the RM1 strain of T. cruzi marinkellei may contribute to further studies on vaccine development against human Chagas disease.

Endogenous resident c-Kit cardiac stem cells increase in mice with an exercise-induced, physiologically hypertrophied heart.

Physical activity evokes well-known adaptations in the cardiovascular system. Although exercise training induces cardiac remodeling, whether multipotent stem cells play a functional role in the hypertrophic process remains unknown. To evaluate this possibility, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to swimming training aimed at achieving cardiac hypertrophy, which was morphologically and electrocardiographically characterized. Subsequently, c-Kit(+)Lin(-) and Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were quantified using flow cytometry while cardiac muscle-derived stromal cells (CMSCs, also known as cardiac-derived mesenchymal stem cells) were assessed using in vitro colony-forming unit fibroblast assay (CFU-F). Only the number of c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells increased in the hypertrophied heart. To investigate a possible extracardiac origin of these cells, a parabiotic eGFP transgenic/wild-type mouse model was used. The parabiotic pairs were subjected to swimming, and the wild-type heart in particular was tested for eGFP(+) stem cells. The results revealed a negligible number of extracardiac stem cells in the heart, allowing us to infer a cardiac origin for the increased amount of detected c-Kit(+) cells. In conclusion, the number of resident Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cells and CMSCs was not changed, whereas the number of c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells was increased during physiological cardiac hypertrophy. These c-Kit(+)Lin(-) CSCs may contribute to the physiological cardiac remodeling that result from exercise training.

Diagnóstico pós-morte de Aelurostrongylus abstrusus e caracterização morfométrica de ovos e mórulas por meio de histologia e impressão de tecido / Diagnostic post-mortem of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and the morphometric characterization of the eggs and the morule by histology and tissue imprint

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram diagnosticar Aelurostrongylus abstrusus por meio das técnicas de histologia e impressão de tecido pulmonar de gato doméstico e realizar a caracterização morfométrica de ovos e mórulas desse nematódeo. Pela histologia, os ovos (n=100) mediram, em média, 83,4 x 65,5mim, índice morfométrico (IM) 0,8 e as mórulas (n=100) mediram, em média, 45,4 x 31,8mim, IM 0,7. Pela impressão de pulmão, os ovos (n=100) mediram, em média, 105,3 x 93,6mim, IM 0,9, e as mórulas (n=100) mediram, em média, 43,1 x 36,5mim, IM 0,8. A utilização da técnica de impressão de tecido permitiu a observação das mesmas formas parasitárias visualizadas histologicamente. Os resultados sugerem a viabilidade da utilização dessa técnica no diagnóstico pós-morte de A. abstrusus.